Damage assessment for submarine photoelectric composite cable under anchor impact

The impact of dropped anchor on submarine photoelectric composite cables may possibly cause electrical faults, i.e. electricity and optical signal transmission failure. In order to study the impact capacity and structural impact failure mechanism, a test setup is designed originally to examine the structural and functional integrity. A detailed finite element model (FEM) is created, considering material nonlinearity and component interaction. A parametric analysis has been performed to predict the deformation of components and impact forces, under different impact velocities and collision directions. Relationships between the armor layer indentation rate and that of internal power and optical units are achieved. The impact deformation of internal entities can be evaluated intuitively by armor layer indentation. The proposed experimental and numerical methods are well correlated, suitable to assess the impact capacity of subsea power cables and assist the protection design of subsea power cables in engineering.     

The second order characteristic condition for plastic flow

In this paper the second order characteristic (discontinuous bifurcation) condition is derived for the granular flow (fully plastic) equations. This second order bifurcation equation is shown to be formally identical to the first order localization requirement during steady elastoplastic deformation provided the elastic compliance tensor is substituted for the product of the plastic multiplier with the flow Hessian. For isotropic yield and flow functions the invariant form of the characteristic condition is given in detail, as well as an alternative expression in adapted co‐ordinates. The characteristic condition can be regarded as defining a hardening function which is maximized to identify the critical angles. When the method is applied to 3D Coulomb flow, Mohr's 3D fracture plane conditions are obtained uniquely. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不整合运移通道类型及输导油气特征

在对不整合空间结构特征研究的基础上,提出了油气沿不整合运移的通道类型:宏观上,存在由不整合面之上底砾岩和不整合面之下半风化岩石两种高效运载层组合成的双运移通道型和单运移通道型两种通道类型;微观上,底砾岩连通孔隙、半风化岩石构造卸荷风化裂缝系统及溶蚀孔洞系统可作为油气运移的主要通道。通过对不整合面上、下岩石物性分析,认为半风化岩石“孔洞缝”系统较底砾岩连通孔隙有更高的输导油气的能力。研究结果表明,不同的运移通道类型具有不同的输导油气特征。在地史时期,构造裂缝系统和溶蚀孔洞系统一直是不整合输导油气的主要通道;对于软地层构成的不整合来说,开始应是卸荷、风化裂缝系统和底砾岩连通孔隙共同构成不整合输导油气的主要通道,当上覆沉积载荷达到一定程度后,主要是底砾岩连通孔隙起输导油气通道作用;对于脆硬地层构成的不整合来说,卸荷、风化裂缝系统和底砾岩连通孔隙一直是不整合输导油气的主要通道。     

Damage to surface structures due to underground coal mine blasting: apprehension or real cause?

Investigations were carried out at three underground coal mines in India to study the response of surface structures to underground blasting and the likelihood of damage to the structures. The structures in the vicinity of the underground blasting area were single and multistoried residential houses. The amplitudes of vibration due to underground blasting were monitored simultaneously on the ground surface near the foundation of the structures and on various floors of the structures. The vibrations were also monitored near the important surface installations. It was observed that the magnitude of vibration in structures decreased with the increase in the height of the structures. The frequency of blast vibration from underground blasting was higher than the natural frequency of the structures. Little energy was transmitted into the structures, which caused reduction in the vibration level in the structures. The reduction in the vibration levels was up to 45% in the houses. It indicates that the dominant frequency of blast vibration plays an important role in persistence of vibration and its amplification or reduction characteristics in the structures. This paper deals with the effect of the vibrations on structures/houses standing above the blasting faces in underground workings and their potential to likely damage to the structures at different Indian geo-mining conditions.     

藏南地区中生代硅质岩的地球化学特征及其成因意义

藏南地区中生代硅质岩包括蛇绿岩套硅质岩(与蛇绿岩共生)和非蛇绿岩套硅质岩两大类.本文重点分析日喀则地区彭错林、夏鲁以及泽当地区的罗布莎、江孜盆地宗卓组及四个剖面的硅质岩.其中,彭错林、夏鲁和罗布莎硅质岩与蛇绿岩共生,江孜盆地宗卓组为非蛇绿岩套硅质岩.分析表明:(1)藏南地区硅质岩剖面地球化学特征鲜明,具有一致性和多样性特点;(2)与蛇绿岩共生的彭错林、夏鲁、罗布莎硅质岩普遍具有高Si、高Fe、低Al特征,大部分微量元素相对于克拉克值亏损,稀土元素总量低,经北美页岩标准化后,Ce异常明显或不明显,重稀土相对轻稀土富集.硅质泥岩的∑REE要明显高于硅质岩;(3)非蛇绿岩套宗卓组硅质岩SiO2含量稍低,Al2O3、TiO2则相反.V、Th、Hf、Ta等不相容元素上亏损程度较小,部分样品含量可接近克拉克值.稀土总量相对较高,页岩标准化配分模式上体现为弱Ce正异常,负Eu异常,轻重稀土分异不明显的平坦型曲线图;(4)地球化学特征指示了,藏南地区硅质岩多数具有明显的热水沉积成因属性,同时有正常陆源组分的加入.其中,夏鲁硅质岩的热水沉积地球化学特征较为典型,而宗卓组硅质岩则表现出受陆源物质加入的影响显著的地球化学特点.     

鱼耳石微化学特征在湖库水质评价中的标型意义——以河北白洋淀和北京密云水库野生鲤鱼为例

对河北白洋淀和北京密云水库的野生鲤鱼耳石和水体中的微量元素进行了定量分析。白洋淀鱼耳石中诸微量元素含量均高于密云水库的鱼耳石,反映了白洋淀各水体较密云水库水体的环境复杂,污染程度高。统计分析结果表明,在鱼耳石中大致存在两类生物地球化学习性不同的元素,水体中第一类元素的变化不会引起耳石中相应元素的响应,如Au、K和Na;第二类元素的变化会引起耳石中相应元素的强烈响应,如As、Ba、Co、Cr、Fe、Sr和Zn。诸微量元素在耳石中富集的强弱顺序为,Zn>Sr>Se>Fe>As>Ba>K>Co>Au>Na>Cr。通过相关性分析发现,白洋淀和密云水库的鱼耳石和水体中对应微量元素平均含量的自然对数值之间均存在良好的线性关系。     

各地地质期刊对比分析与特点简评

对国内29家由各地地矿行政主管局创办的地质期刊的发展现状作了概要介绍;综合整理了相关单位公布的期刊评价和引文数据等定量分析成果;简要分析了地方地质期刊的特点;提出了发挥地域优势、开展学术争鸣、强化刊文引用等有效提升期刊影响的初步建议。《贵州地质》在同类期刊中综合优势明显,具有很高水准,办刊经验值得借鉴。     

周期性饥饿对褶皱臂尾轮虫实验种群特征参数的影响

实验设置了一直投喂、周期性饥饿1,2,3,4d和一直饥饿6个处理组,采用轮虫单个体培养,检验周期性饥饿对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)实验种群特征参数的影响.结果表明:一直投喂组的生殖价最高,对轮虫种群的潜在增长最有利,随饥饿强度的增大,生殖价减小.不同处理下,轮虫个体寿命与其生殖期之间存在显著的正相关(r=0.747).轮虫在受到饥饿后,寿命略有增长,但不同处理对轮虫的平均寿命(10.8~13.1d)和生殖期(6.3~8.3d)均未达到显著差异(P>0.05).饥饿强度增大时,轮虫个体的总产幼数、总产卵量显著下降(P<0.05),产第1幼、最后1幼、第1卵、最后1卵时间显著延长(P<0.05);同时,种群参数的世代时间(T)随饥饿强度增加而增大,内禀增长率(r_m)、周限增长率(λ)和净生殖率(R₀)却明显下降.     

海浪的条件特征周期

在海浪波面高度为正态分布的假定下,导出一种以给定波高为条件的条件周期概率密度函数.与风浪槽中测量数据比较,结果表明,在窄谱情况下此概率密度函数与实验室风浪的实际符合良好.根据此密度函数定义了3种条件特征周期,并导出它们与平均周期的关系式.根据这些关系对有关海洋工程上的一些问题作了解释和讨论.     

赤潮生物种类特征光谱获取技术

较为系统地研究了赤潮生物水体反射率曲线获取方法。通过对 2类反射率反演方法得出的反射率曲线与实际反射率曲线进行比较 ,得出在不具备大气环境参数的情况下 ,经验线性法的反演结果与实际反射率曲线最接近的结论 ,并进一步对正常海水和赤潮生物水体的光谱特性进行分析 ,提取出赤潮生物水体的特征光谱。这是进行赤潮监测和识别的重要前提